Most people breathe shallowly during yoga and therefore do not reach their full breathing capacity. Some people even unconsciously hold their breaths, because they are stressed and tensed up. Pranayama is a specific form of yoga that focuses on breathing. It is about distributing life force, or prana, throughout your body by controlling your breath. Below are three types of pranayama.
Ujjayji. Ujjayji is the most popular form of Pranayama. It is about breathing in and out through your nose, while directing your breath over the back of your throat. The result is a soft hissing sound. Practicing Ujjayji slows down your breathing. It also keeps your mind from wandering, as you are constantly focused on the way you are breathing.
Mula Bandha. Mula Bandha resides on the intersection of pranayama and meditation, and is used to hold on to as much prana as possible, by locking the lower regions of your body. Doing so requires you to contract certain muscles at the base of your pelvis.
Kumbhaka. Kumbhaka is a state between inhalation and exhalation. It is about retention of breath and can be practiced with full lungs (Antara Kumbhaka) and with empty lungs (Bahya Kumbhaka). Practicing Kumbhaka will increase the oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide exchange inside of your lungs.